In this chapter, you will learn the core skills of a programmer—the famous CRUD operations, which stand for Create, Read, Update, and Delete. These operations form the basis of most application functionalities, and through them, we will accomplish the following tasks:

• Add new words;
• Edit words;
• Paginated list of words;
• Word details;
• Delete words.

Introduction to RESTful

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RESTful is a design principle for web services based on the REST (Representational State Transfer) architectural style. It is primarily used to create and access web resources and has the following characteristics:

• Resources: Every object in RESTful services is viewed as a resource that can be accessed through URI (Uniform Resource Identifier). For example, /words can represent word resources;
• HTTP Methods: RESTful services mainly use HTTP Method for performing operations:
  • GET: Read resources
  • POST: Create resources
  • PUT: Update resources
  • PATCH: Update partial resources
  • DELETE: Delete resources
• Representational State Transfer: Clients operate resources by requesting specific URIs, and servers return the representation of resources (usually in JSON or XML) in the response.
• Uniform Interface: Standardized interface design allows different systems to communicate with each other.

These principles make RESTful architecture simpler, more flexible, and scalable for Web services. Here is an example of the CRUD operations for words.

Operation	Method	URI	Description
Create (Create)	POST	/words	Create a new word
Read (Read)	GET	/words	Get the list of all words
Read (Read)	GET	/words/{id}	Get a single word based on ID
Update (Update)	PUT	/words/{id}	Update the word with specified ID
Update (Update)	PATCH	/words/{id}	Update partial fields of the word with specified ID
Delete (Delete)	DELETE	/words/{id}	Delete the word with specified ID